Anton weichselbaum discovered meningococcus, also known as neisseria meningitidis, the bacterium that causes meningitis. Characterization of carriage isolates of neisseria. Neisseria meningitidis, often referred to as meningococcus, is a gramnegative bacterium that can cause meningitis and other forms of meningococcal disease such as meningococcemia, a lifethreatening sepsis. Only people who have been in close contact with saliva or respiratory. Characterization of motility and piliation in pathogenic. Bei neisseria meningitidis handelt es sich um kleine durchmesser 1m. Neisseria meningitidis haemophilus influenzae streptococcus pneumoniae streptococcus pyogenes group a strep neisseria meningitidis is immediately reportable on first knowledge or suspicion of the diagnosis due to the potential need for prophylaxis of close contacts within 24 hours of suspected diagnosis suspicion is.
Several of the chapters in this book describe methods that rely on the collection of complete sets of. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Household transmission of neisseria meningitidis in the. Neisseria meningitidis is a fastidious, gramnegative, endotoxinproducing organism that is a normal commensal of the human nasopharynx. Even if treated quickly, meningococcal disease can cause longterm problems or be deadly. Most carrier isolates are shown to lack capsule production. Rahman mm, kolli vs, kahler cm et al 2000 the membrane phospholipids of neisseria meningitidis and neisseria gonorrhoeae as characterized by fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry. Routine throat or nasopharyngeal culture of contacts is not helpful in determining who warrants chemoprophylaxis. Ciprofloxacin, administered to adults in a single oral dose is effective in. There are more than 500,000 reported cases of meningococcal disease per year, with an estimated annual death toll of 5,000 zimmer and stephens 2004. Meningococcal disease meningococcal disease is a rare, but very serious illness caused by a type of bacteria called neisseria meningitidis. Neisseria meningitidis an overview sciencedirect topics. Except for the genes involved in the capsule biosynthesis, which are lacking in the commensal neisseria spp.
Diagnosis, initial management, and prevention of meningitis. Antimicrobial treatment and chemoprophylaxis for patients with meningococcal disease and their close contacts is critical. Csf, blood are to be investigated in accordance with the communicable disease reporting rule 410 iac 12. Chapter 7 identification and characterization of neisseria meningitidis. Other articles where meningococcal meningitis is discussed. In sepsis, skin hemorrhages are the hallmark of invasive meningococcal disease.
Who laboratory methods for the diagnosis of meningitis. Geographic distribution and epidemic potential differ according to serogroup. Here, we analyze on a genomewide level the impact of recombination on genecomplement diversity and virulence evolution in n. Neisseria meningitidis will attach to the microvilli of nonciliated columnar epithelial cells that reside in the nasal region of humans. A small proportion of infected people can develop a serious form of illness, such as meningitis inflammation of the lining of the brain and spinal cord or a bloodstream infection septicemia. Three species of bacteria, streptococcus pneumonia, haemophilus influenzae and neisseria meningitidis figure 1, are known to cause this infection. Virulence evolution of the human pathogen neisseria.
Neisseria meningitidis is a gramnegative, either an encapsulated or unencapsulated, aerobic diplococcus with a kidney or coffeebean shape. Neisseria meningitidis are bacteria that can cause meningococcal disease, a very severe form of meningitis andor blood infection. Advanced methods and protocols offers a collection of methods and protocols that reflect the development and refinement of several new technologies applied to the meningococcus as presented by expert researchers. Neisseria meningitidis meningococcal disease is a serious and rapidly progressing illness caused by n. Ceftriaxone given in a single intramuscular dose is effective in eradicating carriage.
Weichselbaum 1 was the first to culture meningococcus from patients with meningitis in 1887. Pathogenic neisseria meningitidis isolates contain a polysaccharide capsule that is the main virulence determinant for this bacterium. Research description and nomenclature of neisseria. He called it diplococcus intracellularis meningitidis because of the presence of the organism within leukocytes from the spinal fluid. Frequently asked questions about meningococcal disease. Meningitidis is described as a gramnegative diplococci. Pathogenesis and immunity article pdf available in current opinion in microbiology 23c. Background neisseria meningitidis is a naturally transformable, facultative pathogen colonizing the human nasopharynx. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of meningococcal carriage and the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of isolates collected from a sample of students in the city of bogota, colombia. Neisseria meningitidis is an aerobic, gramnegative diplococcus that causes meningococcal diseases such as meningococcemia and bacterial meningitis. Neisseria meningitidis is a gramnegative human pathogen that can cause severe meningitis and septicemia with symptoms that can worsen rapidly. We combined comparative genome hybridization using microarrays mcgh and multilocus sequence typing.
In children and teens, meningococcus is the most common cause of bacterial meningitis. Laboratory methods for the diagnosis of meningitis caused by neisseria meningitidis, streptococcus pneumoniae, and haemophilus influenzae. The investigation shall include collecting case information, obtaining laboratory. It can grow on both a blood agar plate bap and a chocolate. Clients who are identified as exposed contacts and recommended to receive postexposure prophylaxis should be directed to an appropriate resource to receive their pep. Clinical features and diagnosis, section on causative organisms and. About 15% of people carry these bacteria in their throats without getting sick. Abcs personnel routinely contacted all microbiology laboratories serving acute care hospitals in their area to identify cases. Neisseria meningitidis is the one with the potential to cause large epidemics. See the article acute urethritis due to neisseria meningitidis group a acquired by orogenital contact. The closely related pathogens neisseria gonorrhoeae and neisseria meningitidis colonize human mucosal epithelia, however, at different sites in the body. Epidemiology of neisseria meningitidis infection uptodate. Meningococcal meningitis, meningococcal infection, cerebrospinal fever, meningococcemia. There is a polysaccharide capsule surrounding the organism.
Neisseria meningitidis is a gramnegative diplococcus bacterium that is responsible for endemic and epidemic meningococcal meningitis and fulminant meningococcemia munford 2001. Liquor, blut, material aus hauteffloreszenzen, oropharyngeale. Meningococcal disease is a serious infection caused by serotypes a, b, c, w5 and y of the bacteria, neisseria meningitidis. Suggestion merge meningococcemia to neisseria meningitidis. The bacterium is referred to as a coccus because it is round, and more specifically, diplococcus because of its tendency to form pairs.
Invasive neisseria meningitis facts for health professionals surveillance invasive disease caused by neisseria meningitidis includes meningitis, septicemia, and other infections. There are a number of viral and bacterial causes of meningitis, but neisseria meningitidis is the most common cause of the more serious bacterial meningitis in children who are most susceptible to the disease, and one of the most common in adults. Neisseria meningitidis is an exclusive human pathogen. An unexpected increase in neisseria meningitidis genital. Diagnosis and prevention of neisseria meningitides induced. Neisseria meningitidis is remarkable for the diversity of interactions that the bacterium has with the human host, ranging from asymptomatic nasopharyngeal colonisation affecting virtually all members of the population. Neisseria meningitidis, pcr provider requirements isolate submission or primary sample of csf acceptable specimen sourcestypes for submission culture isolate isolates from normally sterile sites csf tdh requisition form number ph4182 media requirements pure culture specimens transported on agar plates or slants csf. Molecular epidemiology of recent belgian isolates of neisseria meningitidis serogroup b. Neisseria meningitidis, identification and grouping. Such isolates are infrequent in our clinic setting but an unexpected increase of 4 genital n.
Strains are serogrouped on the basis of their capsular polysaccharides. The disease usually comes on quickly with severe headaches, high fever, pain and stiffness of the neck, back, and shoulders and nausea follows shortly after all of these. We combined comparative genome hybridization using microarrays mcgh and multilocus sequence typing mlst of 29 meningococcal isolates. Meningococcal disease invasive clinician fact sheet. New classification of neisseria meningitidis by means of. Meningokokken, invasive erkrankungen neisseria meningitidis rki.
Neisseria meningitidis is a bacteria that is best known for its role in endemic bacterial meningitis. It is a gramnegative, nonspore forming, nonmotile, encapsulated, and non acidfast diplococci, which appears in kidney bean shape under the microscope footnote 1. Meningitis arises upon inflammation of the meninges, which consists of the membrane that envelops and protects the central nervous system. Chemoprophylaxis of healthcare workers exposed to neisseria meningitidis 11 recommendations for the management of laboratory worker exposed to n. The epidemiology of neisseria meningitidis is dynamic, with risk of meningococcal disease varying widely by region and depending on a confluence of host, organism, and environmental factors. Neisserial motility is enabled by type iv pili tfp, which are long and dynamic filaments expressed by a phylogenetically diverse set of bacterial species, such as pseudomonas aeruginosa, vibrio cholerae, legionella pneumophila. Chapter 7 identification and characterization of neisseria.
Chicago outbreak of meningitis among gay and bisexual men. The bacteria are spherical, ranging in diameter from 0. Neisseria meningitidis or meningococcus is a gramnegative, oxidasepositive, aerobic, coccal bacterium that appears microscopically under diplococcal arrangement. During periods of endemic disease, about 10 % of the general population harbour neisseria meningitidis in the nasopharynx. Clonal expansion of new penicillinresistant clade of. Neisseria meningitidis the meningococcus causes significant morbidity and mortality in children and young adults worldwide through epidemic or sporadic meningitis andor septicemia. A bactericidal assay is described which allows identification of distinct serotypes within a serogroup of neisseria meningitidis. Temperature triggers immune evasion by neisseria meningitidis. Patients with acute infection can present clinically with 1 meningitis, 2 meningitis with meningococcemia, or 3 meningococcemia without obvious meningitis. Neisseria meningitidis is immediately reportable on first knowledge or suspicion of the diagnosis due to the potential need for prophylaxis of close contacts within 24 hours of suspected diagnosis suspicion is normally based on gram stain results see table on page 4. Meningococcal disease neisseria meningitidis 2015 case definition recommend on facebook tweet share compartir note. Meningococcal infections are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, therefore understanding their molecular biology is crucial to develop therapeutics such as vaccines. Epidemics of meningococcal meningitis were first described in geneva, switzerland, by vieusseux 2 in 1805, and in. The 2,272,351base pair genome of neisseria meningitidis strain mc58 serogroup b, a causative agent of meningitis and septicemia, contains 2158 predicted coding regions, 1158 53.
A surveillance case definition is a set of uniform criteria used to define a disease for public health surveillance. The organism was first recognized by weichselbaum in 1887 in the spinal fluid of six patients with acute cerebrospinal meningitis. However, the incidence is highest in the late winter and early spring. The epidemiology and serogroup distribution can change very quickly. Neisseria meningitidis belongs to the family neisseriaceae footnote 2.
The sides are flattened and this organism is recognizable in gram stain by an experienced microscopist. The bacteria are able to multiply and form a colony because of its ability to acquire iron from the host. Appropriate suspending vehicle or syrup vehicle can be used for liquid suspension rifampin orders. This manual summarizes laboratory techniques used in the isolation and identification of neisseria meningitidis the meningococcus, streptococcus pneumoniae. In western australia, neisseria meningitidis serogroup w clonal complex 11 became the predominant cause of invasive meningococcal disease in 2016.
Antisera produced in rabbits against seven group c strains by two intravenous inoculations of live organisms. Meningococcemia is defined as dissemination of meningococci neisseria meningitidis into the bloodstream see the image below. Meningococcal disease is not very common in the united states, but teens and young adults are at increased risk. Because transmission of n meningitidis results mainly in asymptomatic carriage, evaluation of oropharyngeal carriage can be helpful to understand the epidemiology and. Some of the most common bacteria known to cause meningitis are described below. Feb 04, 2014 this bacteriology lecture will explain the general properties of neisseria meningitidis and it also explains the disease, pathogenesis, and treatment of neisseria meningitidis infection. Meningococcal disease is a serious illness caused by the bacterium neisseria meningitidis also known as meningococcus.
Population structure and capsular switching of invasive neisseria meningitidis isolates in the premeningococcal conjugate vaccine eraunited states, 20002005. The neisseria meningitidis capsule is important for intracellular survival in human cells. Meningococcal disease can refer to any illness caused by a type of bacteria called neisseria meningitidis, also known as meningococcus muhninggohkokus. The fact that this bacteria is gram negative means that there is very little or no peptidoglycan in the cell wall. Identification of a new neisseria meningitidis serogroup c clone from anhui province, china. Sep 25, 20 three neisseria meningitidis rna thermosensors important for resistance against complementmediated immune killing are identified, located in the 5. N meningitidis antigen by ihc specify ihc specimen 1. The meningococci are one of the main causes of meningococcal meningitis. One of the late signs that one bacterial cause of meningitis, neisseria meningitidis, are in your bloodstream is a faint rash on your skin. Materials and methods a total of 1459 oropharyngeal. See epidemiology of neisseria meningitidis infection and bacterial meningitis in children older than one month.
Description and nomenclature of neisseria meningitidis. Neisseria meningitidis wikipedia, a enciclopedia livre. The most common disease caused by neisseria meningitidis is meningococcal meningitis or more commonly known as bacterial meningitis. My proposal is on same basis as for meningococcal disease foir which meningococcal meningitis redirects to it, but ill split the proposal in case people feel that one merger has different merits from the other. Getting vaccinated is the best way to prevent meningococcal disease. Acceptable specimen sourcestypes for submission culture isolate isolates from normally sterile sites tdh requisition form number ph4182 media requirements chocolate slant special instructions shipping instructions. Neisseria meningitidis, identification and grouping provider requirements isolate submission required. Reports of anogenital disease caused by neisseria meningitidis are uncommon, and occasional anogenital isolates found in otherwise healthy individuals are generally held to be incidental findings that do not require treatment. Thirteen capsular polysaccharides have been described, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy has enabled determination of the structure of capsular polysaccharides responsible for serogroup specificity. Full text get a printable copy pdf file of the complete article 384k, or click on a page image below to browse page by page. Background meningococcal carriage studies are important to improve our understanding of the epidemiology of meningococcal disease. The bacterium neisseria meningitidis, also called meningococcus, causes meningococcal meningitis. Meningococcal meningitis is caused by gramnegative diplococci, neisseria meningitidis.
Neisseria meningitidis is a human pathogen that can infect diverse sites within the human host. Meningococcus, the bacterium neisseria meningitidis, which causes meningococcal meningitis in humans, who are the only natural hosts in which it causes disease. Neisseria meningitidis is a common cause of communityacquired bacterial meningitis in children and adults in the united states and in many other countries. The bacteria from a meningococcal meningitis infection.